Why does a living thing need to be responsive?
Case study
At the Mount Union hospital, a 5-year old white male child in good general health and physical condition was presented at the Saturday walk-in clinic by his mother. He was brought in because he had a fever, was cranky and had complained of a sore throat for about 24 hours. On physical examination by the attending resident, the patient had a fever of 39.3° C, and he had considerable swelling and drainage of the pharynx and in the conjunctivae. His tonsils were enlarged and coated with a white patchy exudate. He had a red throat and swollen anterior cervical lymph nodes. His ears were clear. His chest sounded clear and he had no additional remarkable findings on routine examination.
Directions: Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. What would be your presumptive diagnosis for this child? Why?
2. What diagnostic testing would be indicated to follow this exam?
3. What is the most likely treatment for this illness? Why is it important?
4. What factors of this case allowed you to make a presumptive diagnosis?
Any references used should be properly cited following APA formatting guidelines.
Case study 2
A 62-year old diabetic black man presents in the emergency room with a swollen left leg with areas of blanching and blue mottling. A “foul odor” is coming from a dressed wound. The physicians remove the dressing and a brownish fluid is seeping from a wounded area. The fluid contains what appear to be small bits of the tissue. No pus appears to be present. The wound has a strong “rotten” odor.
Five days earlier, while at his work as a farmer, he caught the leg in his manure spreader, sustaining a deep, crushing, grossly dirty injury. His wife cleaned the wound as well as she could with soap and water, dressed it with clean gauze, and wrapped it tightly with an elastic bandage to stop the bleeding. The second day they redressed the wound and applied triple antibiotic ointment. The patient treated his pain with ibuprofen (Advil). He reported the pain was not very bad for the first 72 hours. In the past 24 hours, the leg swelled and the mottling began to appear. A foul odor and severe pain accompanied the swelling. His wife convinced him to come to the emergency room even though they did not have medical insurance.
Directions: Answer the following questions in your own words.
1. What is your diagnosis in this case?
2. How should this wound be treated?
3. Is this a life-threatening condition?
4. Is it likely that the patient’s diabetes contributed to the problem as presented?
BIOL 101 STUDY GUIDE: QUIZ 6
Quiz Preparation Tasks: 11 Your Answers and Notes Elegant Responsiveness
A hormone that controls a person’s appetite might bind to ____________ proteins on
membranes in the brain.
What is the typical site of origin of leptin hormone?
In a normal person, what is the effect of elevated leptin levels in the bloodstream? 11.1 Life’s Responsiveness
If a bog plant designed to catch insects proves unable to do so, the result will be starvation
for ____________.
Why does a living thing need to be responsive?
Based on Figure 11.5 in your text, what is the role of homeostatic mechanisms? When an environmental change shifts an organism’s internal chemistry toward a new
state, the organism’s response is to try to return its chemistry toward the original state.
This tendency on the organism’s part is called ____________. 11.2 Responsiveness at the Transcriptional Level
In the lactose operon of E. coli, what causes the repressor protein to change its shape?
What is the resultant effect of the repressor protein’s shape change on lactose gene
expression?
When there is little or no lactose present in a bacterium’s environment, then the gene for
the lactose transport enzyme is not trans-____________ and trans-____________.
When there is little or no lactose present in a bacterium’s environment, then the gene for
the ____________ breakdown enzyme is not transcribed and translated.
When there is little or no lactose present in a bacterium’s environment, then the
____________ sequence in the DNA is bound by a repressor protein.
When there is little or no lactose present in a bacterium’s environment, then the
____________ operon is shut down.
When the lactose operon is functioning, the bacterium can ____________ and break down
lactose because ____________ and degradation genes are being transcribed. 11.3 Responsiveness at the Cellular Level
After a fly trips the sensory hair on the modified leaf of a Venus flytrap, what is the very
next step in the closing process?
According to Figure 11.10, list the complete sequence of chemical events in the closure of
a Venus flytrap. In the Venus flytrap, the enzyme expansin helps to close the trap by loosening the
____________ in the plant’s cell walls.
Once ____________ has weakened the cellulose in the walls of the leaf trap cells,
____________ rushes into the cells, expanding them and closing the trap. 11.5 Responsiveness at the Organ System Level
The suprachiasmatic nuclei in the brain help the human nervous system to respond to
daily alterations in ____________ and ____________. Page 1 of 4 BIOL 101 The ____________ ____________ enable the nervous system to respond to light/dark
alterations through their stimulation of the pineal ____________ in the center of your
head.
The human nervous system responds to daily alterations in light and darkness by
influencing melatonin levels in the ____________.
The human nervous system responds to daily alterations in light and darkness by
controlling how much melatonin reaches the ____________ nuclei.
The human nervous system responds to daily alterations in light and darkness by
modulating the amount of ____________ secretion of the hypothalamus.
The human nervous system responds to daily alterations in light and darkness by
influencing ____________ levels secreted by the thyroid gland.
The human nervous system responds to daily alterations in light and darkness by changing
the basal ____________ rate of your cells.
One effect of melatonin on the suprachiasmatic nuclei is that it corrects the ____________
of their day/night signaling system.
What is the general effect of decreasing melatonin levels in the body?
List 5 different reasons some individuals take a melatonin supplement. 12 Informational Continuity in Organisms
Biological information is preserved within the base sequence of what molecule? 12.1 Reproduction: Asexual and Sexual
Asexual Reproduction
Give 3 examples of asexual reproduction methods in plants. What method of asexual reproduction does the Kalanchoe plant utilize?
What method of asexual reproduction does the Iris plant utilize? Sexual Reproduction
One major advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that in sexual
reproduction, the population has increased ____________ variability.
List 4 disadvantages of sexual reproduction. An “allele” is a specific alternate form of a ____________. Page 2 of 4 BIOL 101 Two slightly different versions of genes that lie at the exact same location on two separate
homologous chromosomes are called ____________.
The phrase “two homologous sets of genes” can mean either two similar collections of
genes from two separate ____________, or two similar collections of genes arranged on
two complete sets of ____________. 12.2 Preparing Reproductive Cells for Multicellular Organisms
The Challenge of Making a Reproductive Cell
A reproductive cell must differ genetically from other normal body cells in what critical
way (because it will soon fuse with another reproductive cell to form a new individual)? How Can This Ploidy Problem Be Solved?
The specialized process that halves the number of chromosomes during sex cell formation
is named ____________. Meiosis: A Triumph of Genome Reduction and Genetic Variability
List in order 8 successive stages in the process of meiosis. The stage of meiosis in which the total number of chromosomes is reduced to half is
called the reduction division. Which stage brings this about?
For each of 23 pairs of chromosomes, the haploid egg cell will have either a maternal or
paternal chromosome, but it can be different for each pair. This explains how the process
of meiosis contributes to genetic ____________. Differentiation of Reproductive Cells: A Biological Context
In the human life cycle, diploid cells undergo a cell division process called
____________. The resulting haploid cells later fuse during ____________, which
regenerates diploid cells.
Early in your own development there exists a small subset of diploid cells called primary
germ cells. Where do they begin to develop? Where do they migrate to and lodge? What
process will they later go through to become haploid? What will they be called right
before the first cell division in that process?
