You are the registered nurse performing a health assessment on a newborn infant. From the functional health pattern portion of the assessment, you learn the mother is reluctant to breastfeed her baby. How do you respond? Explain the approach you will take to ensure adequate nutrition for the newborn, with or without breastfeeding. Provide rationale for your answer.
1-Having a place that families can go to for information and assistance takes a lot of stress off the parents because they can see that there is support out there for them and they can ask all the questions they want and someone will do their best to find an answer for them. When a family member is sick, I know I ask all the questions and feel uneasy when no one answers them or takes the time to answer them so having a place to find some answers helps relieve anxiety and stresss during a rough time.
2-For many families with preterm infants, even if there are no long-term complications, it takes time to get that infant or child back to where they need to be. Stress can be a big factor for the parents and support is needed. There are often times frequent doctor’s visits to various specialists and physical, occupational and speech therapy may also be involved. I have a family member that was preterm and is doing well but every day life for them is busy in trying to get that child back to where they should be developmentally, physically and nutritionally. They are only able to have one parent work because of the demands of therapy, appointments, and nutritional needs etc. Caring for a baby that is preterm or of low birth weight affects the whole family and requires support inside and outside the home.
3- It is at least encouraging the United States has advanced technologies and robust medical devices to save many lives of premature newborns. However, the burden that is left with the new parent like you said – like complications, stress, developmental delays etc can result into overwhelmed distress and cost to the family and community overall. Efforts should be made and population should be educated to minimize premature. The government and health care facilities should make efforts to ensure that people who are pregnant, or planned to be pregnant are provided everything possible to increase their chances of having full-term pregnancy. There are many things pregnant mothers can do to boost chances of having full term pregnancy, such as prenatal care (prenatal vitamins), quit smoking, get flu shot, etc.
Education is key here regardless of whether the mother wants to breastfeed or formula feed. I think helping the mother see the benefits of breastfeeding is important but also helping her know that she will be supported regardless is also important. Also, providing the mother with education on signs and symptoms of malnutrition such as the amount of wet diapers is important so that she knows what to look for and when to notify a provider should these symptoms start to occur. Situations like this can also cause a lot of stress on the mother and feelings of inadequacy can occur so assessing the mother carefully for any signs of post-partum depression or discouragement is also important as you mentioned. Helping the mother to know that there any many resources available to her is also important.
2-Because of the mother’s reluctance to breastfeed, the first assessment I would do immediately is to determine the status of the infant. Checking to ensure adequate hydration by asking about the number of wet diapers and checking the infant for lethargy or dry mucous membranes would be the first priority.
After determining the safety of the infant, I would utilize the rest of the information gained from the functional health assessment to determine the needs and decisions the mother would like to made.
In either case, I would be interested to know if she has adequate support systems in place, including child care and the nature of her employment because breastfeeding can be impacted by these situations both for timing of feeding, milk supply, and opportunities for pumping. If the mother has decided to breast feed, a lactation consultant might be a good resource for support and education. A website such as womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding could also be given as a resource if there is available access to the internet.
The newborn’s health will be a priority regardless of her decision. Education concerning development will be important, and it would be important to determine the level of understanding the mother has about feeding an infant and what her body requires to provide an adequate and healthy milk supply. Adequate nutrition and hydration through breastfeeding is determined by output and weight gain. Nutritional status of the mother is an important consideration. Referral to public assistance programs specifically geared towards the nutritional health of breastfeeding and pregnant women and children such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infant and Children (WIC) would be an important consideration if there is financial concern in the family. In a longitudinal study Sonchak determined that this program did not decrease breastfeeding initiation, and in fact increased breastfeeding (2017). The health benefits of breastfeeding for the infant should be discussed as being the best option for feeding the baby, but without pressure, blame, or shame if that is not a viable option for this mother or family.
For formula feeding, the developmental milestones and health status would be the same. The method of preparing the feeding would need evaluation to see if education is needed. In feeding formula, the type of formula and the method of preparation are two areas that frequently need education. Cow’s milk should not be an option until after the child is 1 year of age, and the proper concentration of formula must be emphasized in order to ensure the child is receiving the appropriate number of calories and nutrition. WIC will also help provide formula if the mother has a financial need, and dilution of the formula to save money would be less likely.
Finally, the emotional component should be assessed and addressed. Mothers frequently feel guilt, regardless of their choice of method to feed their baby. By providing education on what the baby’s needs are and what the signs and symptoms are for adequate nutrition as well as what to look for if there is a problem, the mother can alleviate guilt by providing the best nutritional plan for whichever method she chooses. By focusing on the health of the infant she will be able to clearly decide how to best meet the nutritional needs in a way that works for her, her budget, and her lifestyle.
References
Sonchak, L. (2017). The impact of WIC on breastfeeding initiation and gestational weight gain: Case study of South Carolina Medicaid mothers. Children And Youth Services Review, 79115-125.
U.S. Health and Human Services, (2018). Breastfeeding. [HTML] Retrieved from https://www.womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding
3-If I found out that the mother of the newborn infant was reluctant to breastfeed her baby, I would get more information from the mother. I would ask the mother if she’s fearful, is it any religious beliefs, does she think it’s painful, or is it because she doesn’t have much information about breastfeeding. It’s important to assess her knowledge of breastfeeding prior to beginning any education to see what areas need further education. Assessing her ability and willingness to learn is also important. After understanding why, she is reluctant to breastfeed, I would educate her on the benefits of breastfeeding. It is easier for babies to digest breast milk than it is to digest formula. Breast milk contains antibodies that help the baby fight of viruses and bacteria later in life. It helps builds the infants immune system and infants tend to get sick less often. “Breast milk has all the nutrients an infant needs to grow. Breastfeeding lowers the infants risk for developing asthma and allergies” (WebMD, n.d.). Breastfeeding is a way that the mother and infant can bond.
It is during infancy that their nutrient requirements per pound of body weight are proportionally higher than any other time during their life cycle (United States Department of Agriculture, 2009). It is important to know if the baby is getting the proper amount of nutrients if the mother breastfeeds or bottle feeds. It is common for a mother who breastfeeds to worry about her infant getting enough because there is no way to measure the breast milk if the infant is drinking from the breast. Unfortunately, this will discourage mothers from breastfeeding. As nurses we can reassure the mother that there are ways to confirm that the baby is receiving enough nutrients needed. If the infant is gaining weight each visit or if the infant is soaking 6 diapers or more in a 24-hour period. If the infant stops eating, isn’t fussy, and seems satisfied than he/she is getting enough to eat. When infants are bottled fed, you can look for these signs to tell you if the infant is getting enough.
As a nurse, our main priority is to always show support with whatever decision our patients. Making sure the new mothers have all the resources available to them is important. As nurses, we can encourage our new mothers to breastfeed and it is important that we are readily available to them when and if they have any questions or concerns.
Department of Agriculture. (2009). Infant nutrition and feeding.
Retrieved 3/26/2018, from https://wicworks.fns.usda.gov/wicworks//Topics
/FG/Chapter1_NutritionalNeeds.pdf
Details:
To prepare for this assignment view the following brief video from the American Medical Association titled, “Health Literacy and Patient Safety: Help Patients Understand.” The video can be accessed through the following link:
Part I: Pamphlet
Develop a pamphlet to inform parents and caregivers about environmental factors that can affect the health of infants.
Use the “Pamphlet Template” document to help you create your pamphlet. Include the following:
Select an environmental factor that poses a threat to the health or safety of infants.
Explain how the environmental factor you selected can potentially affect the health or safety of infants.
Offer recommendations on accident prevention and safety promotion as they relate to the selected environmental factor and the health or safety of infants.
Offer examples, interventions, and suggestions from evidence-based research. A minimum of three scholarly resources are required.
Provide readers with two community resources, a national resource, and a Web-based resource. Include a brief description and contact information for each resource.
In developing your pamphlet, take into consideration the healthcare literacy level of your target audience.
Part II: Pamphlet Sharing Experience
Share the pamphlet you have developed with a parent of an infant child. The parent may be a person from your neighborhood, a parent of an infant from a child-care center in your community, or a parent from another organization, such as a church group with which you have an affiliation.
Provide a written summary of the teaching / learning interaction. Include in your summary:
Demographical information of the parent and child (age, gender, ethnicity, educational level).
Description of parent response to teaching.
Assessment of parent understanding.
Your impressions of the experience; what went well, what can be improved.
Submit Part I and Part II of the Accident Prevention and Safety Promotion for Parents and Caregivers of Infants assignment by the end of Topic 1.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
NRS-434VN-R-Pamphlet-Template-Student.docx
Health Literacy
The government has defined health literacy as “The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions” (Healthy People 2020, 2011). Scholars have demonstrated that health literacy skills are stronger predictors of health status than age, income, employment status, education level, and race or ethnicity. Individuals with inadequate health literacy often struggle with basic tasks when managing a chronic condition such as reading and comprehending prescription bottles, appointment slips, self-management instructions, and educational brochures. The problems are compounded when the individual has several conditions requiring different medications. Inadequate health literacy can be a barrier to controlling disease that can lead to medication errors, increased hospitalization, poor health outcomes, and greater health care costs.
Discussion:
*Provide an example that illustrates the difference between literacy and health literacy.
*Describe one potential health-related consequence to low health literacy and a population at risk for this potential consequence, explaining why they are at risk.
Note: This is an individual assignment. In 1,500-2,000 words, describe the teaching experience and discuss your observations. The written portion of this assignment should include:
Summary of teaching plan
Epidemiological rationale for topic
Evaluation of teaching experience
Community response to teaching
Areas of strengths and areas of improvement
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful
Pamphlet presentation – 1 to 2 pages
Appropriate community settings include:
Community health center(my selection was in a PPEC miami Fl and the topic selected was health promotion teaching about handwashing how to prevent disease transmition.
Describe an issue that impacts distance-education learning. The selected issue can be a faculty issue, student issue, or administrative issue. Examine the issue and its significance to distance education.
Assume that you are in a leadership position for the development of either nursing or patient education. Propose strategies on how your organization can meet challenges posed by the issue you selected in order to continue providing quality distance-education learning. Support your proposal by incorporating evidence-based literature and relevant professional standards.
APA-formatted paper (1,000-1,250 words)
In addition to the course materials, you are required to use a minimum of three current scholarly, evidence-based, peer-reviewed sources (less than 5 years old).
APA format is required for essays only. Solid academic writing is always expected. For all assignment delivery options, documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
As the country focuses on the restructuring of the U.S. health care delivery system, nurses will continue to play an important role. It is expected that more and more nursing jobs will become available out in the community, and fewer will be available in acute care hospitals.
Write an informal presentation (500-700 words) to educate nurses about how the practice of nursing is expected to grow and change. Include the concepts of continuity or continuum of care, accountable care organizations (ACO), medical homes, and nurse-managed health clinics.
Share your presentation with nurse colleagues on your unit or department and ask them to offer their impressions of the anticipated changes to health care delivery and the new role of nurses in hospital settings, communities, clinics, and medical homes.
In 800-1,000 words summarize the feedback shared by three nurse colleagues and discuss whether their impressions are consistent with what you have researched about health reform.
A minimum of three scholarly references are required for this assignment.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
1
Unsatisfactory
0.00%
2
Less than Satisfactory
75.00%
3
Satisfactory
79.00%
4
Good
89.00%
5
Excellent
100.00%
80.0 %Content
40.0 % Clearly States How the Practice of Nursing and Patient Delivery Will Evolve, While Addressing Relevant Concepts That Include Continuity or Continuum of Care, Accountable Care Organizations, Medical Homes, and Nurse-Managed Health Clinics
Main concept is not clearly identified, and subconcepts do not consistently branch from the main idea. Does not address any issues related to the evolving practice of nursing and patient care delivery.
Main concept is not clearly identified, and few subconcepts branch appropriately. Addresses at least one issue related to the evolving practice of nursing and patient care delivery.
Main concept is identified, and a few subconcepts branch from the main idea. Addresses many of the issues related to the evolving practice of nursing and patient delivery and patient care delivery.
Main concept is easily identified and most subconcepts branch from the main idea. Addresses all of the issues related to the evolving practice of nursing and patient care delivery.
Main concept is easily identified, and subconcepts branch appropriately from the main idea. Addresses all of the issues related to the evolving practice of nursing and patient care delivery.
20.0 % Evidence of Feedback and Forecasting of Nursing Role From Colleagues
No evidence of feedback and forecasting of the nursing role from colleagues is included.
Evidence of feedback and forecasting of the nursing role from colleagues may be incomplete or lack relevant scope.
Evidence of feedback and forecasting of the nursing role from colleagues is included.
Evidence of feedback and forecasting of the nursing role from colleagues is described in detail.
Evidence of feedback and forecasting of the nursing role from colleagues is described in detail, with relevant personal insight, reflection, or analysis.
20.0 % Use of Vocabulary Regarding Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery
No recommended terms have been included in the correct context.
Few recommended terms have been included in the correct context.
Some recommended terms have been included in the correct context.
Most recommended terms have been included in the correct context.
All of the recommended terms have been included in the correct context.
15.0 %Organization and Effectiveness
10.0 % Originality
Content is an extensive collection and rehash of other people’s ideas, products, images, or inventions. There is no evidence of new thought or inventiveness.
Content is a minimal collection or rehash of other people’s ideas, products, images, or inventions. There is no evidence of new thought.
Content shows evidence of originality. While based on other people’s ideas, products, images, or inventions, the work does offer some new insights.
Content shows evidence of originality and inventiveness. While based on an extensive collection of other people’s ideas, products, images, or inventions, the work extends beyond that collection to offer new insights.
Content shows significant evidence of originality and inventiveness. The majority of the content and many of the ideas are fresh, original, inventive, and based upon logical conclusions and sound research.
15.0 %Organization and Effectiveness
5.0 % Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, and language use)
Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are employed.
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) and/or word choice are present.
Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Audience-appropriate language is employed.
Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech.
The writer is clearly in command of standard, written academic English.
5.0 %Format
2.0 % Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.
Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.
Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.
Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.
All format elements are correct.
3.0 % Research Citations (in-text citations for paraphrasing and direct quotes, and reference page listing and formatting, as appropriate to assignment)
No reference page is included. No citations are used.
Reference page is present. Citations are inconsistently used.
Reference page is included and lists sources used in the paper. Sources are appropriately documented, although some errors may be present.
Reference page is present and fully inclusive of all cited sources. Documentation is appropriate and style is usually correct.
In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error.
Write a 500-750-word paper discussing the importance of child and adolescent psychology on development. Address the following in your paper:
Discuss how the study of child and adolescent development has changed over time.
Describe the five theoretical perspectives, including the major theorists associated with each
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