Interview three families from different cultures. One family should be from your own culture. Compare the differences in health traditions between these cultures.

Assess the three families using the “Heritage Assessment Tool.” In 1,000-1,500 words, discuss the usefulness of applying a heritage assessment to evaluate the needs of families and develop plans for health maintenance, health protection, and health restoration. Include the following:

1. Perform a heritage assessment on three families. One of these families should be from your own culture.
2. Complete the “Heritage Assessment Tool” for each of the three families interviewed and submit the three assessments to: RNBSNclientcare@gcu.edu. You are not required to include the tool in your LoudCloud submission.
3. Identify common health traditions based on cultural heritage. Evaluate and discuss how the families subscribe to these traditions and practices. Address health maintenance, health protection, and health restoration as they relate to your assessment.

Please respond to your peer’s posts, from an FNP perspective. To ensure that your responses are substantive, use at least two of these prompts:

• Do you agree with your peers’ assessment?
• Take an opposing view to a peer and present a logical argument supporting an alternate opinion.
• Share your thoughts on how you support their opinion and explain why.
• Present new references that support your opinions.

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with in text-citations and references in APA format. Substantive means that you add something new to the discussion, you aren’t just agreeing. Be respectful and thoughtful.This is also a time to ask questions or offer information surrounding the topic addressed by your peers. Personal experience is appropriate for a substantive discussion and should be correlated to the literature.Minimum of 100 words.

Charli’s Response-

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

A infant that is born with a mother that has been using opioids during pregnancy is known as neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). It can also occur with the use of nicotine, benzodiazepines, and SSRIs that are taken during pregnancy (Jansson, 2019). Another term used for opioid withdrawal in infants is neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). It is diagnosed with a history of maternal opioid use, positive paternal or infant urine toxicology screening, and neonatal findings that are consistent with NAS (Jansson, 2019).

Peri-natal Risks to Infant

The infant during the peri-natal phase is at risk for many of things. There is a risk of placental abruption, placental insufficiency, preterm rupture of membranes, premature labor and birth, fetal grown restriction, preeclampsia, miscarriage, fetal death, inflammation of fetal membranes leading to an infection (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Women with an opioid addiction are less likely to have prenatal care which can lead to other complications that are not even associated with the opioid use. The infant will not be getting the proper nutrition it needs to grow and might have other deficits as a result such as a neural tube defects from not taking folic acid supplements.

Post-natal Risks to Infant

If the infant makes it to delivery, there are many complications that the infant is going to begin to experience as their opioid supply is abruptly cut off. The infant will show signs of NAS as they will have a high-pitched cry and irritability, sleep and wake disturbances, hyperactive primitive reflexes, hypertonicity, tremors, difficulty with feeding, gassiness, vomiting, diarrhea, diaphoretic, sneezing, mottling, fever, nasal stuffiness, yawning, failure to thrive, seizure activity, small gestational age, respiratory distress, and possible cardiac birth defects (Jansson, 2019). The symptoms that the child will experience are horrible and lead to death in the infant if not managed properly.

Post-natal Risks to Mother

The mother is also at risk if she delivers in result of placental abruption or preterm labor. The mother is at risk for hemorrhage and infection if there is a premature rupture of membranes and the mother does not seek the proper medical care (Jansson, 2019). The mother may also experience opioid withdrawals during the postpartum phase after delivery if she is trying to stop using. Another risk for the mother is losing custody of the baby. If the baby is born with NAS, social work will get involved and investigate the situation and living conditions of the home, etc. Many women with opioid addiction might also experience depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorders, HIV, sexual violence, and hepatitis C (Krans, Cochran, & Bogen, 2015).

Long-term Affects on Infant

Long term effects on the infant may include HIV, hepatitis C, or other STDs that were transmitted to the baby during delivery (Jansson, 2019). If the child was born with low birth weight, premature, or insufficient nutrients or oxygen supply during pregnancy, the child may experience other long-term effects. The child may be developmentally delayed, failure to thrive, and possible cardiac complications (Jansson, 2019). Medication can be used to manage the infant and their symptoms to hopefully get the infant to go through a safe withdrawal.

References

Jansson, L. (2019). Neonatal abstinence syndrome. UpToDate. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/neonatal-abstinence-syndrome?search=neonatal%20abstinence%20syndrome&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~100&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H16 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Krans, E., Cochran, G., & Bogen, D. (2016). Caring for opioid dependent pregnant women: prenatal and postpartum care considerations. National Institute of Health. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC46070…

Opioid use during pregnancy. (2015). MayoClinic. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregn…

Jodi’s response-

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a name given to a group of problems that occur in a newborn who has been exposed to addictive opiate drugs in the mother’s womb. These drugs include heroin, codeine, oxycodone, methadone or buprenorphine. When the mother uses these drugs, they pass through the placenta and the fetus along with the mother becomes dependent on the drug. If the drugs are used within a week of the delivery the baby will be born dependent on the drug at birth. When the infant is born it may experience withdrawal symptoms as the drugs are cleared from the baby’s system. When the mother uses amphetamines, cocaine, and marijuana the child might have long term effects (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2018).

Impact

The impact to the infant depends on the type of drug used, how much of the drug was being used, how long she was using, and if the baby was born full-term or premature. Symptoms typically begin 1 to 3 days after birth but can take up to one week (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2018) . Symptoms are often manifested by central nervous system irritability (e.g., tremors, increased muscle tone, high-pitched crying, and seizures), gastrointestinal dysfunction (e.g., feeding difficulties), and temperature instability (Ko, et al., 2016). Other symptoms can include:

• Blotchy skin coloring (mottling)
• Diarrhea
• Excessive crying or high-pitched crying
• Excessive sucking
• Fever
• Hyperactive reflexes
• Increased muscle tone
• Irritability
• Poor feeding
• Rapid breathing
• Seizures
• Sleep problems
• Slow weight gain
• Stuffy nose, sneezing
• Sweating
• Trembling (tremors)
• Vomiting ( (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2018).

The child born with NAS often require extra TLC for weeks to months. Some babies with severe symptoms need medicines such as methadone or morphine to treat withdrawal symptoms. These babies may need to stay in the hospital for weeks or months after birth. The goal of treatment is to prescribe the infant a drug similar to the one the mother used during pregnancy and slowly decrease the dose over time. This helps wean the baby off the drug and relieves some withdrawal symptoms (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2018). There is limited knowledge available about the long-term effect of infants born on drugs.

This is a topic that hits close to home and has personally impacted my life. Six months ago, I received a call asking if I would take in two children who once belonged to a friend of mine of 20 years otherwise they would be going into a random foster home. A 4-year-old girl and her 8-month-old brother. I had been watching the children as much as I could prior because I knew things were not good at home but I had become distant from the mother and was not aware to the extent of the situation. Upon getting the children I was made aware of the situation and found out that the mother overdosed twice during her pregnancy with the little boy, and he was born positive to a few different drugs. We have worked with Birth to Three and with his pediatrician for evaluation and development. I am happy to report that he is absolutely perfect and developing well. We worry about what the future will hold for him but continue to provide him with all that we can to promote and healthy growth and development.

References

Ko, J. Y., Patrick, S. W., Tong, V. T., Patel, R., Lind, J. N., & Barfield, W. D. (2016, August 12). Incidence of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome — 28 States, 1999–2013. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6531a2.ht…

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2018). Neonatal abstinence syndrome. Retrieved from Medline Plus: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007313.htm

My professor want me to write 3000 word about the case study but first he want from me to write JUST 4-5 sentence about what I will going o write from depends in the case study and the powerpoint. I will upload the cast study and powerpoint so I want u to read then write what is it about and what you will going to write if u wil write 3000 word(but you will not going to write 3000 just 4-5 sentence what is about)

please do not waste my time if u have any quastion ask me

NURSING RESEARCH ARTICLE CRITIQUE

A critical review of a research article involves careful analysis of the researcher’s major conceptual and methodological decisions. In short, it is an objective assessment of the study’s strengths and weaknesses. The purpose of this assignment is to provide you with the opportunity to critique a research article. After reading the following research study, write a summary of the strengths and weakness of the study using APA format.

Reyes, H., Hadley, L., & Davenport, D. (2013). A comparative analysis of cultural competence in beginning and graduating nursing students, ISRN Nursing v2013.2013 PMCID: PMC 3676966

Retrieved from https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ism/2013/929764
Refer to the scoring criteria to help guide you in your analysis. Submit a copy of your scoring along with your written critique.

Assignment 1: Activity Graph

Due Week 3 and worth 120 points

This assignment consists of two (2) sections: a written project plan and a PowerPoint presentation. You must submit the two (2) sections as separate files for the completion of this assignment. Label each file name according to the section of the assignment it is written for.

Section 1: Written Project Plan

Imagine you are a software engineer working on a fixed budget and you are tasked to develop a Web-based student registration system. This Web-based system allows students to register for classes, authenticate their credentials, and select classes for which they are eligible to register. It also registers the students, prints a confirmation receipt, and prepares a registration invoice. You have been asked to provide senior management with a detailed summary, activity graph, and project plan of how you plan to execute the project.

Write a five to six (5-6) page paper in which you:

1. Describe the development of the student registration project as a work breakdown structure of actions and transitions among these actions.
2. Create an activity graph from the breakdown structure using Microsoft Visio or its open source alternative, Dia. Be sure to identify the time estimates and critical path in your submission. Note: The graphically depicted solution is not included in the required page length.
3. Write a project plan for this project which includes, but is not limited to, a risk analysis, task scheduling, and personnel staffing for the project.
4. Provide a rationale for the decisions you made in your project plan to senior management.

Section 1 of this assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
• Include charts or diagrams created in MS Visio or Dia as an appendix of the project plan. All references to these diagrams must be included in the body of the project plan.

Section 2: PowerPoint Presentation

The senior management team has also requested that you present the plan in a concise presentation to the Board of Directors during the organization’s next operations meeting.

Create a five to ten (5-10) slide PowerPoint presentation for the presentation to the Board of Directors in which you:

1. Present the proposed plan documented in the written project plan.
2. Include the key elements of the project plan (i.e., work breakdown structure, activity graph, risk management, project schedule, and project staffing).
3. Include a justification of the decisions made in the proposed plan to senior management.
4. Create bulleted speaking notes for the presentation to the Board of Directors in the Notes section of the PowerPoint. Note: You may create or assume any fictitious names, data, or scenarios that have not been established in this assignment for a realistic flow of communication.
5. Use a professional technically written style to graphically convey the information